Below you will find all matches in the European Cups, in which a team reached double digits, in chronological order per competition.
Some trivia: the only clubs to have reached double figures more than once in European competition are Liverpool (3 times), Ajax and Feyenoord (both twice). No fewer than 6 different English and 5 different Dutch clubs have reached double figures at least once, for in total 8 and 7 times, respectively.
The only clubs to have conceded double figures more than once are are APOEL Nicosia (on 3 occasions, all in the CWC), Anorthosis Famagusta, Floriana, KR (Reykjavík), Red Boys Differdange and Reipas Lahti, all twice. No fewer than 5 different Cypriotic clubs (for in total 8 times) and 4 different clubs from Luxembourg and Malta (on 5 occasions in total) have been destroyed in this manner.
The only club to have both reached and conceded double figures in European competition is Anderlecht.
1956/57, prel. rd.: Manchester United 10-0 Anderlecht
1962/63, 1st round: Ipswich Town 10-0 Floriana
1965/66, 1st round: Benfica 10-0 Stade Dudelange
1966/67, 1st round: Haka (Valkeakoski) 1-10 Anderlecht
1969/70, 1st round: Feijenoord 12-2 KR (Reykjavík)
Leeds United 10-0 SFK Lyn (Oslo)
1970/71, 1st round: Borussia Mönchengladbach 10-0 EPA (Larnaka)
1973/74, 1st round: Dinamo Bucuresti 11-0 Crusaders
1979/80, 2nd round: Ajax 10-0 Omonia (Lefkosia)
1980/81, 1st round: Liverpool 10-1 OPS (Oulu)
2011/12, 2nd.qual.: HJK (Helsinki) 10-0 Bangor City
1961/62, prel. rd.: Újpesti Dózsa 10-2 Floriana
1963/64, 2nd round: Sporting CP (Lisboa) 16-1 APOEL (Lefkosia)
1964/65, 1st round: Sparta Praha 10-0 Anorthosis (Famagusta)
1965/66, 1st round: Reipas (Lahti) 2-10 Honvéd (Budapest)
1967/68, 1st round: Aberdeen 10-0 KR (Reykjavík)
1968/69, 1st round: Dunfermline Athletic 10-1 APOEL (Lefkosia)
1969/70, 1st round: Lierse SK 10-1 APOEL (Lefkosia)
1971/72, 1st round: Chelsea 13-0 Jeunesse Hautcharage
1973/74, 1st round: Malmö FF 11-0 Pezoporikos (Larnaka)
1974/75, 1st round: Liverpool 11-0 Strømsgodset IF (Drammen)
PSV (Eindhoven) 10-0 Ards (Newtonards)
1976/77, 1st round: Levski-Spartak (Sofia) 12-2 Reipas (Lahti)
1982/83, 1st round: Swansea City 12-0 Sliema Wanderers
1983/84, 1st round: Rangers 10-0 Valletta
1994/95, prel. rd.: Maribor Branik 10-0 Norma Tallinn
1997/98, 1st round: Roda JC (Kerkrade) 10-0 Hapoel Beersheba
1961/62, 1st round: MTK (Budapest) 10-2 RC Strasbourg 1962/63, 1st round: Roma 10-1 Altay (Izmir) 1965/66, 1st round: 1.FC Köln 13-0 US Luxembourg 1969/70, 1st round: Liverpool 10-0 Dundalk
1972/73, 1st round: US Rumelange 0-12 Feyenoord
1976/77, 1st round: Derby County 12-0 Finn Harps
1977/78, 1st round: AZ '67 (Alkmaar) 11-1 Red Boys Differdange
1983/84, 1st round: Austria (Wien) 10-0 Aris Bonnevoie
Bayern München 10-0 Anorthosis (Famagusta)
Rabat Ajax 0-10 TJ Internacionál (Bratislava)
1984/85, 1st round: Ajax 14-0 Red Boys Differdange
1999/00, prel. rd.: CE Principat 0-11 Viking FK (Stavanger)
2000/01, prel. rd.: Constel-lació 0-10 Rayo Vallecano
Here an overview is presented of countries and cities performing well in two or more Cups in the same season.
Only once, one country won all three European cups: in 1989/90, Italy won the Champions' Cup through Milan, the Cup Winners' Cup through Sampdoria, and the UEFA Cup through Juventus. Curiously enough, all three were beaten in the 1990/91 Coppa Italia by one and the same team, Roma.
The following countries have won 2 Cups in one season (apart from Italy's feat in 1989/90 above):
Italy 5 times (1960/61 CWC and FC, 1988/89 CC and UEFA, 1992/93 CC and UEFA,
1993/94 CC and UEFA, 1998/99 CWC and UEFA)
Spain 5 times (1957/58 CC and FC, 1959/60 CC and FC, 1961/62 CWC and FC,
1965/66 CC and FC, 2005/06 CC and UEFA)
England 4 times (1967/68 CC and FC, 1969/70 CWC and FC, 1970/71 CWC and FC,
1980/81 CC and UEFA)
Germany 2 times (1974/75 CC and UEFA, 1996/97 CC and UEFA)
The only city to have won two Cups in one season is Milano (1993/94).
The following countries has representatives in each of the continental finals in the same season:
Italy 1988/89 [Milan won the CC final, Sampdoria lost the CWC final,
Napoli won the UEFA Cup]
1989/90 [Milan won the CC final, Sampdoria won the CWC final,
Juventus beat Fiorentina for the UEFA Cup]
1992/93 [Milan lost the CC final, Parma won the CWC final,
Juventus won the UEFA Cup]
1993/94 [Milan won the CC final, Parma lost the CWC final,
Internazionale won the UEFA Cup]
Spain 1961/62 [Real Madrid lost the CC final, Atlético de Madrid won
the CWC final, Valencia beat Barcelona for the Fairs' Cup]
1985/86 [Barcelona lost the CC final, Atlético de Madrid lost
the CWC final, Real Madrid won the UEFA Cup]
Italy in 1989/90 and Spain in 1961/62 are the only two countries to have
fielded four of the six finalists.
In 1997/98, Italy also fielded three finalists, but two of those played the UEFA Cup final.
The following countries had clubs in two finals (including the six occasions above in which a country boasted representatives in each final):
12 times:
Italy (1960/61, 1964/65, 1972/73, 1983/84, 1988/89, 1989/90, 1992/93,
1993/94, 1994/95, 1996/97, 1997/98, 1998/99)
10 times:
England (1967/68, 1969/70, 1970/71, 1972/73, 1975/76, 1979/80, 1980/81,
1983/84, 1984/85, 2005/06)
9 times:
Spain (1957/58, 1959/60, 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64, 1965/66, 1985/86,
2000/01, 2005/06)
7 times:
Germany (1974/75, 1976/77, 1978/79, 1979/80, 1981/82, 1996/97, 2001/02)
twice:
Belgium (1975/76, 1977/78)
once:
France (1995/96)
Netherlands (1987/88)
Scotland (1966/67)
Cities with 2 finalists in one season:
Madrid (twice, in 1961/62 and 1985/86) Glasgow (1966/67) Liverpool (1984/85) Milano (1993/94)
The following countries had clubs in all semifinals in the same season [the number between square brackets indicates exactly how many teams the country fielded in the semifinals that season]:
10 times:
Italy (1964/65 [3], 1967/68 [3], 1988/89 [3], 1989/90 [4], 1992/93 [3],
1993/94 [4], 1994/95 [4], 1996/97 [3], 1997/98 [4], 1998/99 [4])
5 times:
England (1964/65 [3], 1965/66 [5], 1969/70 [3], 1972/73 [4], 1983/84 [4])
3 times:
Germany (1973/74 [3], 1975/76 [3], 1978/79 [5])
twice:
Spain (1961/62 [4], 1985/86 [3])
once:
Scotland (1966/67 [3])
France (1995/96 [3])
England (1965/66) and Germany (1978/79) have the record of fielding five
of the 12 semifinalists; Germany repeated this feat in 1979/80 (but did
not have semifinalists in all three tournaments: one in the Champions'
Cup and four in the UEFA Cup). Italy twice had teams in the semifinals of
all the Cups in three consecutive seasons (1992-95 and 1996-99).
Spain fielded 3 semifinalists in the Champions League 1999/2000 (but none in the only other remaining tournament, that for the UEFA Cup). Italy improved on that in 2002/03, fielding 3 semifinalists in the Champions League and one in the UEFA Cup. In 2006/07, England had 3 semifinalists in the Champions League, but none in the UEFA Cup. In 2013/14 Spain fielded 2 semifinalists in both the Champions League and the Europa League (the new name for the UEFA Cup).
The following records only apply to seasons in which the Cup Winners' Cup was played, i.e. the 39 seasons from 1960/61 until 1998/99.
The following countries had clubs in all quarterfinals in the same season [the number between square brackets indicates exactly how many teams the country fielded in the quarterfinals that season]:
19 times:
Italy (1961/62 [3], 1962/63 [3], 1964/65 [3], 1967/68 [3], 1969/70 [3],
1971/72 [4], 1982/83 [3], 1984/85 [3], 1988/89 [4], 1989/90 [4],
1990/91 [6], 1991/92 [4], 1992/93 [4], 1993/94 [6], 1994/95 [5],
1995/96 [4], 1996/97 [3], 1997/98 [4], 1998/99 [6])
14 times:
England (1960/61 [3], 1964/65 [3], 1965/66 [5], 1968/69 [4], 1969/70 [4],
1970/71 [6], 1972/73 [4], 1976/77 [3], 1978/79 [4], 1980/81 [3],
1983/84 [4], 1984/85 [4], 1996/97 [3], 1997/98 [3])
Germany (1960/61 [3], 1963/64 [3], 1972/73 [4], 1973/74 [4], 1975/76 [4],
1978/79 [5], 1980/81 [3], 1981/82 [4], 1982/83 [3], 1985/86 [3],
1988/89 [4], 1993/94 [5], 1995/96 [3], 1997/98 [5])
Spain (1961/62 [5], 1964/65 [4], 1965/66 [5], 1967/68 [3], 1977/78 [3],
1982/83 [4], 1985/86 [3], 1986/87 [3], 1988/89 [3], 1991/92 [3],
1995/96 [4], 1996/97 [4], 1997/98 [3], 1998/99 [4])
5 times:
France (1979/80 [3], 1989/90 [3], 1994/95 [3], 1995/96 [3], 1996/97 [3])
4 times:
Belgium (1976/77 [3], 1987/88 [3], 1989/90 [4], 1991/92 [3])
Netherlands (1970/71 [3], 1977/78 [3], 1992/93 [3], 1995/96 [3])
3 times:
Soviet Union (1983/84 [3], 1984/85 [3], 1990/91 [3])
twice:
Scotland (1966/67 [3], 1968/69 [3])
once:
CSSR (1963/64 [3])
Hungary (1965/66 [3])
Portugal (1993/94 [3])
Romania (1988/89 [3])
Only in the season 1974/75 there was not a single country fielding a team in each of the quarterfinals. In 1995/96 there were no fewer than 5 such countries (together responsible for 17 of the 24 quarterfinalists).
The record of fielding 6 of the 24 quarterfinalists is held by Italy (thrice, in 1990/91, 1993/94 and 1998/99) and England (1970/71); Germany (1979/80) also boasted 6 quarterfinalists, but not in all three Cups (1 in the CC and 5 in the UEFA Cup). Italy fielded quarterfinalists in all three competitions for eleven consecutive seasons: 1988/89 until 1998/99. By the way, in the first season after the Cup Winners' Cup had been abolished, 1999/00, Italy failed to field a single team in the UEFA Cup quarterfinals (although 4 Italian teams reached the 1/8 finals). The same happened again in 2000/01 - in fact, even worse for the Italians: none of their clubs reached any quarterfinal, neither in the Champions' League nor in the UEFA Cup that season.
Two cities managed to field three quarterfinalists in one season:
Budapest (1965/66) Bucuresti (1988/89)
FC Barcelona are the only club to have played two quarterfinals in the same season: in the Champions' Cup and the Fairs' Cup of 1960/61.
Manchester United have won two European Cups (Champions' Cup 1967/68 and Cup Winners' Cup 1990/91), but in both seasons they finished behind city rivals Manchester City in the English championship; in revenge, Manchester United finished ahead of City in the season (1969/70) they won the Cup Winners' Cup. This spell was broken in 1998/99, when United won the treble while City managed to get out of the Second Division - both scoring two extremely late goals to do so.
Below we list all clubs to have entered European competitions on 20
or more occasions. Between square brackets the participations are
split according to the competitions (first Champions' Cup or Champions
League, then Cup Winners' Cup, then Fairs' Cup and UEFA Cup or
Europa League; negative numbers between separate brackets indicate
the number of seasons a club entered both the Champions League and
the UEFA Cup or Europa League; for Barcelona this includes the
1960/61 season in which they entered both the Champions' Cup and the
Fairs' Cup, the only time any club participated in both competitions
simultaneously - Barcelona also competed in both the Fairs Cup
1958-60 and the Champions' Cup 1959/60 but as the first started in
1958 Barcelona's entry is counted for the 1958/59 season).
Note that seasons in which a club withdrew before playing a single
match (such as a number of Eastern European clubs in 1968/69) are
not included.
All numbers up to and including the 2013/14 season.
57 [44- 4- 9] Real Madrid 56 [24-13-21] [-2] Barcelona 54 [31- 7-19] [-3] Anderlecht 53 [33- 7-20] [-7] Benfica [17- 8-32] [-4] Sporting (Lisboa) 52 [22- 6-29] [-5] Crvena zvezda Beograd [28- 8-19] [-3] FC Porto 51 [27- 5-21] [-2] CSKA (Sofia) (CDNA, Sredets) [30-10-19] [-8] Rangers 50 [30- 5-23] [-8] Ajax [28- 4-20] [-2] Juventus 49 [28- 8-19] [-6] Celtic [19- 2-30] [-2] Internazionale 48 [27- 9-18] [-6] Olympiakos (Piraeus) 47 [15-10-23] [-1] Rapid Wien 46 [30- 5-11] Bayern München [26- 7-19] [-5] Panathinaikos 45 [24- 5-21] [-5] PSV (Eindhoven) 44 [18- 5-23] [-2] Dinamo Bucuresti [15-11-22] [-4] Levski (Sofia) (Levski-Spartak, Vitosha) [28- 4-12] Milan 43 [16- 9-27] [-9] Dinamo Zagreb [31- 4-15] [-7] Dynamo Kyiv [22-11-15] [-5] Steaua Bucuresti 42 [15- 6-28] [-7] FC Brugge [12- 9-21] Glentoran 41 [19- 8-16] [-2] Austria Wien [15- 5-24] [-3] Feyenoord [22- 8-14] [-3] Galatasaray [27- 3-11] Linfield [24- 6-17] [-6] Sparta Praha 40 [ 9- 9-23] [-1] Atlético Madrid [23- 2-20] [-5] Fenerbahçe 39 [14- 6-23] [-4] AEK (Athinai) [20- 5-16] [-2] Liverpool 38 [10- 8-21] [-1] Hajduk Split [18- 5-16] [-1] Omonia (Lefkosia) [19- 2-25] [-8] Partizan Beograd 37 [10- 8-21] [-2] Ferencváros [14- 3-24] [-4] Grasshoppers [25- 5- 8] [-1] Manchester United [10- 9-18] Sliema Wanderers [10- 3-26] [-2] Valencia 36 [16- 7-14] [-1] Besiktas [17- 3-22] [-6] Spartak Moskva 35 [13-10-14] [-2] APOEL (Lefkosia) [ 8- 6-21] Roma 34 [22- 2-10] Jeunesse d'Esch [13- 5-18] [-2] Malmö FF 33 [ 9- 9-18] [-3] Legia Warszawa [11- 6-17] [-1] Újpest (Újpesti Dózsa) 32 [ 5- 6-24] [-3] PAOK (Thessaloniki) [21- 1-16] [-6] Rosenborg BK [12- 6-18] [-4] Standard Liège [14- 7-11] Valletta 31 [15- 2-19] [-5] FC Basel [ 7- 2-24] [-2] Girondins Bordeaux [16- 4-14] [-3] HJK (Helsinki) 29 [18- 3- 9] [-1] Arsenal [15- 2-12] IFK Göteborg [14- 4-15] [-4] Olympique Lyonnais 28 [ 3- 8-17] Aberdeen [ 9- 3-19] [-3] Dinamo Tbilisi [ 6- 5-18] [-1] Hamburger SV [ 7- 6-16] [-1] Servette [ 5- 2-21] VfB Stuttgart 27 [ 5- 5-18] [-1] Fiorentina [ 8- 6-13] Hibernians (Paola) [ 9- 4-14] ÍA (Akranes) [14- 3-14] [-4] Olympique Marseille [ 9- 7-13] [-2] Slovan Bratislava 26 [ 1- 3-22] Dundee United [ 9- 4-13] Honvéd (Budapest) [13- 3-10] SK Tirana (17 Nëntori) [ 9- 3-16] [-2] Trabzonspor [ 9- 6-13] [-2] Wacker (Tirol) Innsbruck [ 9- 4-16] [-3] Werder Bremen [11- 3-14] [-2] FC Zürich 25 [ 8- 3-18] [-4] Anorthosis Famagusta [ 4- 2-19] Athletic Bilbao [13- 3-12] [-3] Borussia Dortmund [ 2- 4-19] 1.FC Köln [11- 6- 9] [-1] AS Monaco [ 4- 2-20] [-1] Napoli 24 [11- 1-18] [-6] Brøndby IF [14- 4-16][-10] Shakhtar Donetsk [ 8- 2-22] [-8] Slavia Praha 23 [ 6- 3-14] Bohemians (Dublin) [12- 5- 7] [-1] Chelsea [ 7-10- 6] Floriana [ 8- 5-10] KR (Reykjavík) 22 [10- 6- 6] Dukla Praha [ 8- 6- 9] [-1] Haka (Valkeakoski) [ 7- 6- 9] Paris Saint-Germain [ 4- 2-20] [-4] FC Twente [ 4- 4-14] Universitatea Craiova 21 [ 3- 3-16] [-1] Heart of Midlothian [ 1- 5-15] Lausanne-Sports [ 5- 1-15] Lazio [ 8- 2-11] FC Nantes [ 3- 3-15] Rapid Bucuresti [ 9- 6- 7] [-1] Shamrock Rovers [12- 0-12] [-3] Skonto Riga [ 5-10- 6] Union (Luxembourg) 20 [ 3- 5-13] [-1] AIK (Solna) [ 8- 1-13] [-2] Bayer Leverkusen [10- 2-10] [-2] CSKA Moskva [ 1- 5-15] [-1] Dinamo Moskva [ 7- 3-10] Dynamo Dresden [ 1- 4-15] Eintracht Frankfurt [ 7- 0-13] Flora Tallinn [ 1- 1-18] Hibernian (Edinburgh) [ 8- 2-12] [-2] Schalke 04 [ 5- 3-15] [-3] Sturm Graz [ 2- 6-12] Tottenham Hotspur [ 8- 7- 5] Valur (Reykjavík)
The only six clubs to have entered all three competitions on 10 or more occasions are Barcelona, Rangers, Rapid Wien, Levski (Sofia), Steaua Bucuresti and APOEL (Lefkosia).
See also the section on consecutive participations.
The following clubs have played in at least 15 consecutive seasons in one of the European Cups (excluding the UEFA Intertoto Cup):
56 Barcelona (1955/58-2013/14) 50 Anderlecht (1964/65-2013/14) 41 Benfica (1960/61-2000/01) 40 FC Porto (1974/75-2013/14) PSV (1974/75-2013/14) 36 Sporting (Lisboa) (1977/78-2012/13) 31 Rangers (1981/82-2011/12) Sparta Praha (1983/84-2013/14) 28 Juventus (1963/64-1990/91) 25 Dynamo Kyiv (1989/90-2013/14) 24 Ajax (1966/67-1989/90) [banned from 1990/91 competition] Crvena zvezda Beograd (1968/69-1991/92) [banned 1992/93 through UN boycott] Spartak Moskva (1980/81-2003/04) Manchester United (1990/91-2013/14) 23 Ajax (1991/92-2013/14) Levski Sofia (1991/92-2013/14) 22 Real Madrid (1955/56-1976/77) Olympiakos (Piraeus) (1992/93-2013/14) 21 Liverpool (1964/65-1984/85) [banned 1985/86-1991/92 (would have qualified each year)] AEK (Athinai) (1991/92-2011/12) Bayern München (1993/94-2013/14) 20 Austria (Wien) (1976/77-1995/96) FC Brugge (1994/95-2013/14) Flora Tallinn (1994/95-2013/14) 19 Celtic (1995/96-2013/14) Crvena zvezda Beograd (1995/96-2013/14) 18 Malmö FF (1964/65-1981/82) Real Madrid (1978/79-1995/96) Slavia Praha (1992/93-2009/10) Arsenal (1996/97-2013/14) Partizan Beograd (1996/97-2013/14) 17 Besiktas (1984/85-2000/01) Omonia Nicosia (1975/76-1991/92) [withdrew from 1974/75 competition] Rosenborg BK (Trondheim) (1989/90-2005/06) Chelsea (1997/98-2013/14) Olympique Lyonnais (1997/98-2013/14) Real Madrid (1997/98-2013/14) Shakhtar Donetsk (1997/98-2013/14) 16 Celtic (1962/63-1977/78) CSKA (Sofia) (1969/70-1984/85) Internazionale (1976/77-1991/92) Steaua Bucuresti (1984/85-1999/00) Feyenoord (1991/92-2006/07) Skonto Riga (1992/93-2007/08) 15 Sporting (Lisboa) (1961/62-1975/76) Grasshopper (1970/71-1984/85) Aberdeen (1977/78-1991/92) Dinamo Bucuresti (1981/82-1995/96) Panathinaikos (1998/99-2012/13) F91 Dudelange (1999/00-2013/14) Milan (1999/00-2013/14) Sheriff Tiraspol (1999/00-2013/14)
For an overview of most cup wins, finals and semifinals, both countrywise and clubwise, please refer to the European Cups Semifinal Balance.
The list below shows all (currently) 76 clubs to have reached at
least 5 European quarterfinals, split into (1) Champions' Cup and
Champions League; (2) Cup Winners' Cup; and (3) Fairs' Cup, UEFA
Cup and Europa League.
Note that the four group runners-up in the first ever Fairs' Cup
1955-58 are included as quarterfinalists (this only affects
Internazionale's total in the list below as the other teams
involved were city selections). Likewise group runners-up of
the first two editions (1991/92 and 1992/93) of the Champions
League are considered semifinalists but that does not affect
the statistics below.
All numbers up to and including the 2013/14 season.
Club Quarterfinals ( 1, 2, 3) [see explanation below] 1.Real Madrid 40 (31, 4, 5) [a s f] 2.Barcelona 39 (18, 9,12) [a s f w] 3.Bayern München 36 (25, 5, 6) [a s f w] 4.Juventus 31 (15, 3,13) [a s f w] 5.Benfica 29 (17, 5, 7) [a s] 6.Internazionale 28 (12, 2,14) [a] 7.Milan 24 (17, 3, 4) [a s] 8.Manchester United 23 (18, 3, 2) [a s] 9.Liverpool 22 (13, 2, 7) [a s f] 10.Ajax 19 (12, 3, 4) [a s f w] 11.Anderlecht 18 ( 9, 4, 5) [a s] Atlético Madrid 18 ( 6, 7, 5) [a s f] 13.PSV 17 ( 8, 2, 7) [a s] Valencia 17 ( 4, 2,11) [a s f] 15.Chelsea 16 ( 9, 4, 3) [a s f w] Porto 16 ( 8, 4, 4) [a s f] 17.Dynamo Kyiv 15 ( 9, 4, 2) [a s] Crvena zvezda 15 ( 9, 3, 3) [a s] Roma 15 ( 3, 3, 9) [a s] 20.Arsenal 13 ( 7, 3, 3) [a s f] Hamburger SV 13 ( 3, 3, 7) [a s f] 22.Celtic 12 ( 7, 3, 2) [a s] Borussia Dortmund 12 ( 7, 1, 4) [a s f] Rangers 12 ( 6, 3, 3) [a s] Tottenham Hotspur 12 ( 2, 3, 7) [a s] 26.Feyenoord 11 ( 3, 5, 3) [a s] Borussia Mönchengladbach 11 ( 3, 3, 5) [a s] 1.FC Köln 11 ( 2, 1, 8) [a s] 29.Leeds United 10 ( 3, 1, 6) [a s f] 30.Standard Liège 9 ( 4, 3, 2) [a] Spartak Moskva 9 ( 4, 2, 3) [a s] Schalke 04 9 ( 3, 2, 4) [a s] Paris Saint-Germain 9 ( 2, 4, 3) [a s] Werder Bremen 9 ( 2, 2, 5) [a] Eintracht Frankfurt 9 ( 1, 3, 5) [a s] Sporting (Lisboa) 9 ( 1, 3, 5) [a] 37.Galatasaray 8 ( 6, 1, 1) [a] IFK Göteborg 8 ( 5, 1, 2) [a] Rapid Wien 8 ( 4, 4, -) Olympique Lyonnais 8 ( 4, 2, 2) [a] Olympique Marseille 8 ( 4, 1, 3) [a s] FC Brugge 8 ( 3, 3, 2) [a s] Dynamo Dresden 8 ( 3, 2, 3) [a] Újpesti Dózsa 8 ( 3, 2, 3) [a s] 45.CSKA Sofia 7 ( 6, 1, -) Panathinaikos 7 ( 5, -, 2) AS Monaco 7 ( 4, 2, 1) [a s] Sparta Praha 7 ( 4, 2, 1) [a] Hajduk Split 7 ( 3, 2, 2) [a] Girondins Bordeaux 7 ( 3, 1, 3) [a s] Austria Wien 7 ( 2, 3, 2) [a] Fiorentina 7 ( 2, 3, 2) [a s f] Bayer Leverkusen 7 ( 2, 1, 4) [a] Real Zaragoza 7 ( -, 5, 2) 55.Dukla Praha 6 ( 4, 1, 1) [a] Legia Warszawa 6 ( 3, 3, -) Steaua Bucuresti 6 ( 3, 2, 1) [a] AJ Auxerre 6 ( 1, 1, 4) [a] Ferencváros 6 ( 1, 1, 4) [a] Lazio 6 ( 1, 1, 4) [a] Athletic Bilbao 6 ( 1, -, 5) 1.FC Kaiserslautern 6 ( 1, -, 5) Torino 6 ( -, 4, 2) Parma 6 ( -, 3, 3) Newcastle United 6 ( -, -, 6) 66.AS Saint-Etienne 5 ( 3, -, 2) Grasshoppers 5 ( 2, 1, 2) [a] Villarreal 5 ( 2, -, 3) Sampdoria 5 ( 1, 4, -) Carl Zeiss Jena 5 ( 1, 2, 2) [a] Dinamo Moskva 5 ( -, 5, -) Dinamo Zagreb 5 ( -, 3, 2) Levski Sofia 5 ( -, 3, 2) 1.FC Magdeburg 5 ( -, 3, 2) FC Twente 5 ( -, 1, 4) AZ (AZ '67) 5 ( -, -, 5) Notes: [a] club reached quarterfinals of each tournament at least once [a s] club reached semifinals of each tournament at least once [a s f] club reached final of each tournament at least once [a s f w] club won each tournament at least onceNote that the first 10 clubs listed above are exactly all clubs to have reached the quarterfinals of the premier European club tournament on at least 10 occasions.
As can easily be seen, three quarters (57) of the 76 clubs listed
above listed above reached the quarterfinals of each of the three
tournaments on at least one occasion (all are marked by [a]
at the end of their record); two thirds of those (38 clubs) have
reached the semifinal stage in all three tournaments at least
once (additionally marked by an "s"); all clubs (15) to have
reached all three finals are marked by an "f" and all (5) to have
won all three tournaments by a "w".
In addition, the following 10 clubs also reached all quarterfinals
at least once:
FC Zürich 4 ( 2, 1, 1) [a] AEK (Athinai) 4 ( 1, 2, 1) [a] MTK (Budapest) 4 ( 1, 2, 1) [a] Hibernian (Edinburgh) 4 ( 1, 1, 2) [a] FC Nantes 4 ( 1, 1, 2) [a] Baník Ostrava 3 ( 1, 1, 1) [a] Dinamo Minsk 3 ( 1, 1, 1) [a] Fenerbahçe 3 ( 1, 1, 1) [a] Shakhtar Donetsk 3 ( 1, 1, 1) [a] Wolverhampton Wanderers 3 ( 1, 1, 1) [a]
NB: the last digit always indicates the Cup: 1 for Champions' Cup or
Champions League, 2 for Cup Winners' Cup, 3 for Fairs' or UEFA Cup
or Europa League). The letter before indicates the stage reached:
W = winners, F = finalists, S = semifinalists, and Q = quarterfinalists.
Series within the same competition are highlighted in italics, as long as
they're at least as long as the minimal length listed for the given category.
It has become increasingly unusual for a club to win European trophies (whether the same or another) in successive seasons; it happened only thrice (Porto, Sevilla and Chelsea) in the last two decades, while it was commonplace in the sixties and seventies and to a lesser extent the eighties.
5 Real Madrid WWWWW (1956W1, 1957W1, 1958W1, 1959W1, 1960W1)
3 Ajax WWW (1971W1, 1972W1, 1973W1)
Bayern München WWW (1974W1, 1975W1, 1976W1)
Liverpool WWW (1976W3, 1977W1, 1978W1)
2 Barcelona WW (1958W3, 1960W3)
Benfica WW (1961W1, 1962W1)
Valencia WW (1962W3, 1963W3)
Internazionale WW (1964W1, 1965W1)
Milan WW (1968W2, 1969W1)
Nottingham Forest WW (1979W1, 1980W1)
Juventus WW (1984W2, 1985W1)
Real Madrid WW (1985W3, 1986W3)
Milan WW (1989W1, 1990W1)
Porto WW (2003W3, 2004W1)
Sevilla WW (2006W3, 2007W3)
Chelsea WW (2012W1, 2013W3)
NB: the first two editions of the Fairs' Cup, both won by Barcelona,
stretched over several seasons (1955-58 and 1958-60).
Apart from Juventus, no club has managed a series of three consecutive finals (irrespective of the competition) on more than one occasion.
5 Real Madrid WWWWW (1956W1, 1957W1, 1958W1, 1959W1, 1960W1) 4 Juventus WFFF (1995F3, 1996W1, 1997F1, 1998F1) 3 Ajax WWW (1971W1, 1972W1, 1973W1) Bayern München WWW (1974W1, 1975W1, 1976W1) Liverpool WWW (1976W3, 1977W1, 1978W1) Benfica WWF (1961W1, 1962W1, 1963F1) Valencia WWF (1962W3, 1963W3, 1964F3) Anderlecht WWF (1976W2, 1977F2, 1978W2) Juventus WWF (1983F1, 1984W2, 1985W1) Parma WWF (1993W2, 1994F2, 1995W3) Barcelona WFF (1960W3, 1961F1, 1962F3) Milan WFF (1993F1, 1994W1, 1995F1)
Until Barcelona did so between 2007/08 and 2012/13, no club had managed a series of more than five consecutive seasons in which they reached a European semifinal. Real Madrid did so twice, with an interval of a quarter of a century (they may established a third such series after a similar interval in 2015). Paris Saint-Germain hold the peculiar (and unique) record of reaching the semifinals of all three traditional competitions in successive years (1992/93 to 1994/95).
6 Barcelona WWSSSS (2008S1, 2009W1, 2010S1, 2011W1, 2012S1, 2013S1) 5 Real Madrid WWWWW (1956W1, 1957W1, 1958W1, 1959W1, 1960W1) Ajax WWWFS (1969F1, 1970S3, 1971W1, 1972W1, 1973W1) Real Madrid WWSSS (1985W3, 1986W3, 1987S1, 1988S1, 1989S1) Juventus WFFFS (1995F3, 1996W1, 1997F1, 1998F1, 1999S1) Paris Saint-Germain WFSSS (1993S3, 1994S2, 1995S1, 1996W2, 1997F2) 4 Internazionale WWFS (1964W1, 1965W1, 1966S1, 1967F1) Real Madrid WWSS (2000W1, 2001S1, 2002W1, 2003S1) Borussia Mönchengladbach WFFS (1977F1, 1978S1, 1979W3, 1980F3) Real Madrid SSSS (2011S1, 2012S1, 2013S1, 2014S1) 3 Bayern München WWW (1974W1, 1975W1, 1976W1) Liverpool WWW (1976W3, 1977W1, 1978W1) Benfica WWF (1961W1, 1962W1, 1963F1) Valencia WWF (1962W3, 1963W3, 1964F3) Anderlecht WWF (1976W2, 1977F2, 1978W2) Juventus WWF (1983F1, 1984W2, 1985W1) Parma WWF (1993W2, 1994F2, 1995W3) Chelsea WWS (2012W1, 2013W3, 2014S1) Barcelona WFF (1960W3, 1961F1, 1962F3) [also 1960S1, 1961Q3] Milan WFF (1993F1, 1994W1, 1995F1) Real Zaragoza WFS (1964W3, 1965S2, 1966F3) Leeds United WFS (1966S3, 1967F3, 1968W3) Milan WFS (1972S3, 1973W2, 1974F2) Tottenham Hotspur WFS (1972W3, 1973S3, 1974F3) Borussia Mönchengladbach WFS (1973F3, 1974S2, 1975W3) Anderlecht WFS (1982S1, 1983W3, 1984F3) Ajax WFS (1995W1, 1996F1, 1997S1) Milan WFS (2005F1, 2006S1, 2007W1) Manchester United WFS (2007S1, 2008W1, 2009F1) Bayern München FSS (1980S3, 1981S1, 1982F1) Chelsea FSS (2007S1, 2008F1, 2009S1) Bayern München SSS (1989S3, 1990S1, 1991S1) Running series have club name in italics.
Traditionally reaching the quarterfinals of a European competition was
equivalent to playing in Europe past the winter break; this no longer
holds true thanks to UEFA's diluting events (the Champions League
currently sees 16 clubs hibernate, the Europa League 32, for a total
of 48 clubs, twice as many as in the past with three competitions).
The only club to reach the quarterfinals of a European competition in
eight consecutive seasons is Borussia Mönchengladbach; 6 clubs managed
to do so in seven consecutive seasons, with Bayern München establishing
such a series twice. Manchester United, Real Madrid and Barcelona are the
only clubs to have reached the quarterfinals of the Champions
League (or Cup) in seven consecutive seasons.
8 Borussia Mönchengladbach WWFFFSSQ (1973F3, 1974S2, 1975W3, 1976Q1, 1977F1,
1978S1, 1979W3, 1980F3)
7 Real Madrid WWWSSQQ (1998W1, 1999Q1, 2000W1, 2001S1, 2002W1,
2003S1, 2004Q1)
Bayern München WWWSQQQ (1971Q3, 1972S2, 1973Q1, 1974W1, 1975W1,
1976W1, 1977Q1)
Juventus WWFFFSQ (1993W3, 1994Q3, 1995F3, 1996W1, 1997F1,
1998F1, 1999S1)
Ajax WWFSQQQ (1992W3, 1993Q3, 1994Q2, 1995W1, 1996F1,
1997S1, 1998Q3)
Barcelona WWSSSSQ (2008S1, 2009W1, 2010S1, 2011W1, 2012S1,
2013S1, 2014Q1)
Manchester United WSSQQQQ (1997S1, 1998Q1, 1999W1, 2000Q1, 2001Q1,
2002S1, 2003Q1)
Bayern München FSSSSQQ (1985S2, 1986Q1, 1987F1, 1988Q1, 1989S3,
1990S1, 1991S1)
6 Leeds United WWFSSQ (1966S3, 1967F3, 1968W3, 1969Q3, 1970S1,
1971W3)
Milan WWFSSQ (2002S3, 2003W1, 2004Q1, 2005F1, 2006S1,
2007W1)
Borussia Dortmund WFSSQQ (1993F3, 1994Q3, 1995S3, 1996Q1, 1997W1,
1998S1)
Barcelona WSSSQQ (1975S1, 1976S3, 1977Q3, 1978S3, 1979W2,
1980Q2)
5 Real Madrid WWWWW (1956W1, 1957W1, 1958W1, 1959W1, 1960W1)
Ajax WWWFS (1969F1, 1970S3, 1971W1, 1972W1, 1973W1)
Liverpool WWFQQ (1981Q1, 1982Q1, 1983Q1, 1984W1, 1985F1)
Real Madrid WWSSS (1985W3, 1986W3, 1987S1, 1988S1, 1989S1)
Manchester United WFFSQ (2007S1, 2008W1, 2009F1, 2010Q1, 2011F1)
Valencia WFFQQ (2000F1, 2001F1, 2002Q3, 2003Q1, 2004W3)
Paris Saint-Germain WFSSS (1993S3, 1994S2, 1995S1, 1996W2, 1997F2)
Bayern München WFSQQ (1998Q1, 1999F1, 2000S1, 2001W1, 2002Q1)
Real Madrid WFSQQ (1964F1, 1965Q1, 1966W1, 1967Q1, 1968S1)
Benfica FSSQQ (2010Q3, 2011S3, 2012Q1, 2013F3, 2014S3)
Internazionale SSQQQ (2002S3, 2003S1, 2004Q3, 2005Q1, 2006Q1)
4 Internazionale WWFS (1964W1, 1965W1, 1966S1, 1967F1)
Anderlecht WWFQ (1975Q1, 1976W2, 1977F2, 1978W2)
Juventus WWFQ (1983F1, 1984W2, 1985W1, 1986Q1)
Parma WWFQ (1993W2, 1994F2, 1995W3, 1996Q2)
Chelsea WWSQ (2011Q1, 2012W1, 2013W3, 2014S1)
Sampdoria WFFQ (1989F2, 1990W2, 1991Q2, 1992F1)
Milan WFFQ (1993F1, 1994W1, 1995F1, 1996Q3)
Real Zaragoza WFSQ (1964W3, 1965S2, 1966F3, 1967Q2)
Barcelona WFSQ (1994F1, 1995Q1, 1996S3, 1997W2)
Barcelona WFQQ (1986F1, 1987Q3, 1988Q3, 1989W2)
Real Madrid FFSQ (1980S1, 1981F1, 1982Q3, 1983F3)
Bayern München FSSQ (1980S3, 1981S1, 1982F1, 1983Q2)
Liverpool FSSQ (2007F1, 2008S1, 2009Q1, 2010S3)
Celtic FSQQ (1969Q1, 1970F1, 1971Q1, 1972S1)
Bayern München FSQQ (2007Q1, 2008S3, 2009Q1, 2010F1)
Barcelona SSSQ (2000S1, 2001S3, 2002S1, 2003Q1)
Benfica SQQQ (1992Q1, 1993Q3, 1994S2, 1995Q1)
Real Madrid SQQQ (1991Q1, 1992S3, 1993Q3, 1994Q2)
The worst finish a winner of a European Cup ever achieved in their domestic league in their winning season was 13th, by UEFA Cup winners Internazionale 1993/94:
Italian Serie A 1993/94
13.Internazionale 34 11 9 14 46-45 31
The record for most eliminations of European trophy holders from the competition in the following season is held by Real Madrid with 8 such cases: on 7 occasions they eliminated the holders from the Champions' Cup, and on 3 occasions those of the UEFA Cup (twice in the Champions' Cup tournament).
The only club to eliminate the holders of the trophy from each of the three tournaments (taking Fairs' Cup and UEFA Cup as one) is Anderlecht.
All clubs to eliminate European trophy holders on 3 or more occasions
(numbers between brackets indicate, respectively: eliminations of Champions' Cup holders, eliminations of Cup Winners' Cup holders from the CWC, eliminations of Fairs'/UEFA cup holders from that tournament, eliminations of trophy holders from different tournament): 10 Real Madrid (7-0-1-2) 7 Barcelona (3-2-0-2) 5 Juventus (5-0-0-0) Internazionale (3-0-1-1) 4 Dynamo Kyiv (3-0-0-1) Anderlecht (1-2-1-0) 3 CSKA Sofia (3-0-0-0) Milan (2-1-0-0) Bayern München (1-0-0-2) Valencia (0-1-1-1)Most successful countries in eliminating trophy holders:
27 Spain (11-8-3-5) 18 Italy (11-2-4-1) 17 England (4-4-6-3) 13 (West) Germany (3-2-5-3) 8 Belgium (1-4-2-1) 5 France (1-0-2-2) Scotland (0-1-3-1)
FK Crvena zvezda Beograd, winner of the 1990/91 European Champions' Cup, were forced to play their home matches abroad, due to the "unstable political situation", on eight separate occasions, probably the record for Europe in the 20th century. They played in 5 different cities in 4 different countries.
17- 9-91 ChC 4-0 vs Portadown (Northern Ireland) [in Széged, Hungary] 23-10-91 ChC 3-1 vs Apollon Limassol (Cyprus) [in Széged, Hungary] 12-12-91 ChC 3-2 vs RSC Anderlecht (Belgium) [in Budapest, Hungary] 18- 3-92 ChC 1-0 vs Panathinaikos (Greece) [in Sofia, Bulgaria] 1- 4-92 ChC 1-3 vs Sampdoria UC (Italy) [in Sofia, Bulgaria] 20-10-98 UEFA 1-2 vs Olympique Lyonnais (France) [in Bucuresti, Romania] 14- 9-99 UEFA 0-1 vs Montpellier HSC (France) [in Sofia, Bulgaria] 28- 9-00 UEFA 3-1 vs Leicester City (England) [in Wien, Austria] Total record: 8 5 0 3 16-10 Information thanks to Milos Radulovic (mirad@galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu).
In the 21st century, a club from Asia, Maccabi Haifa, 'improved' Crvena zvezda's record for playing European club matches at neutral venues. They qualified for the 2002/03 Champions League group stage but were forced to play all their European matches (two for Champions League qualifying, three in the Champions League group stage and one more in the UEFA Cup) outside of Israel due to safety concerns; their 6 matches in the 2002/03 season in Bulgaria and Cyprus consist a 'neutral hosting' record for a single season. During the 2003/04 UEFA Cup they overtook Crvena zvezda and after Israel attacked Lebanon in the summer of 2006, Israeli clubs were again forced to play home matches at neutral venues and Maccabi Haifa added two more matches to their record.
31- 7-02 CLQ 4-0 vs Belshyna Babruisk (Belarus) [in Lefkosia, Cyprus] 13- 8-02 CLQ 2-0 vs SK Sturm Graz (Austria) [in Sofia, Bulgaria] 24- 9-02 CL 3-0 vs Olympiakos (Greece) [in Lefkosia, Cyprus] 1-10-02 CL 0-2 vs Bayer Leverkusen (Germany) [in Lefkosia, Cyprus] 29-10-02 CL 3-0 vs Manchester United (England) [in Lefkosia, Cyprus] 12-12-02 UEFA 1-4 vs AEK (Athinai) (Greece) [in Lefkosia, Cyprus] 28- 8-03 UEFA 3-0 vs Cwmbran Town (Wales) [in Izmir, Turkey] 24- 9-03 UEFA 2-1 vs Publikum Celje (Slovenia) [in Izmir, Turkey] 11-12-03 UEFA 0-4 vs Valencia (Spain) [in Rotterdam, Netherlands] 23- 8-06 CLQ 1-1 vs Liverpool (England) [in Kyiv, Ukraine] 14- 9-06 UEFA 1-1 vs Litex (Lovech) (Bulgaria) [in Nijmegen, Netherlands] Total record: 11 6 2 3 20-13 Information thanks to Dale Arnett (dalearnett@yahoo.com)
Cup Winners' Cup 1963/64, 2nd round: Sporting CP (Lisbon) 16-1 APOEL Nicosia
Cup Winners' Cup
1971/72, 1st round: Jeunesse Hautcharage 0-8 Chelsea
Chelsea 13-0 Jeunesse Hautcharage
Chelsea win 21-0 on aggregate
UEFA Cup
1972/73, 1st round: Feyenoord 9-0 US Rumelange
US Rumelange 0-12 Feyenoord
Feyenoord win 21-0 on aggregate
Cup Winners' Cup 1963/64, 2nd round: Sporting CP (Lisbon) 16-1 APOEL Nicosia, total 17 goals
Cup Winners' Cup
1976/77, 1st round: Levski-Spartak (Sofia) 12-2 Reipas (Lahti)
Reipas (Lahti) 1-7 Levski-Spartak (Sofia)
Levski-Spartak (Sofia) win 19-3 on aggregate, total 22 goals
Cup Winners' Cup
1961/62, 1st round: FC La Chaux-de-Fonds 6-2 Leixões (Porto)
Leixões (Porto) 5-0 FC La Chaux-de-Fonds
Leixões win 7-6 on aggregate
UEFA Cup
1984/85, 2nd round: Queens Park Rangers 6-2 Partizan (Beograd)
Partizan (Beograd) 4-0 Queens Park Rangers
6-6 on aggregate, Partizan Beograd win on away goals
UEFA Cup
1985/86, 3rd round: Borussia Mönchengladbach 5-1 Real Madrid
Real Madrid 4-0 Borussia Mönchengladbach
5-5 on aggregate, Real Madrid win on away goal
UEFA Cup
1987/88, 3rd round: Honvéd 5-2 Panathinaikos [after 5-0]
Panathinaikos 5-1 Honvéd
Panathinaikos win 7-6 on aggregate
home loss by 3 goals
UEFA Cup
2009/10, 1st round: Dinamo Bucuresti 0-3 Slovan Liberec [awarded, abandoned at 0-2 in 87']
Slovan Liberec 0-3 Dinamo Bucuresti [aet]
3-3 on aggregate, Dinamo Bucuresti won 9-8 on penalties
home loss by 2 goals
Champions' Cup
1968/69, quarterf.: Ajax 1-3 Benfica
Benfica 1-3 Ajax
playoff: Ajax 3-0 Benfica (aet, in Paris)
UEFA Cup
1971/72, 1st round: Lierse SK 0-2 Leeds United
Leeds United 0-4 Lierse SK
Lierse SK win 4-2 on aggregate
Cup Winners' Cup
1984/85, 1st round: FC Metz 2-4 Barcelona
Barcelona 1-4 FC Metz [after 1-0 at 33']
Metz win 6-5 on aggregate
UEFA Cup
1988/89, 3rd round: Bayern München 0-2 Internazionale
Internazionale 1-3 Bayern München
3-3 on aggregate, Bayern München win on away goals
UEFA Cup
1996/97, 1st prel.: Sliema Wanderers 1-3 Margveti Zestafoni
Margveti Zestafoni 0-3 Sliema Wanderers
Sliema Wanderers win 4-3 on aggregate
UEFA Cup
1996/97, 3rd round: Brøndby IF 1-3 Karlsruher SC [after 0-3 at 81']
Karlsruher SC 0-5 Brøndby IF
Brøndby IF win 6-3 on aggregate
UEFA Cup
1998/99, 1st round: VfB Stuttgart 1-3 Feyenoord
Feyenoord 0-3 VfB Stuttgart
VfB Stuttgart win 4-3 on aggregate
UEFA Cup
2004/05, 2nd qual.: Rapid Wien 0-2 Rubin Kazan
Rubin Kazan 0-3 Rapid Wien
Rapid Wien win 3-2 on aggregate
UEFA Cup
2005/06, 1st round: Maccabi Petah-Tikva 0-2 Partizan Beograd
Partizan Beograd 2-5 Maccabi Petah-Tikva
Maccabi Petah-Tikva win 5-4 on aggregate
UEFA Cup
2010/11, 2nd qual.: Anorthosis Famagusta 0-2 Sibenik
Sibenik 0-3 Anorthosis Famagusta [aet]
Anorthosis Famagusta win 3-2 on aggregate
UEFA Cup
2010/11, 1st round: Sporting CP (Lisboa) 0-2 Brøndby IF
Brøndby IF 0-3 Sporting CP (Lisboa)
Sporting CP (Lisboa) win 3-2 on aggregate
UEFA Cup
2011/12, 2nd qual.: FC Vaduz 0-2 Vojvodina Novi Sad
Vojvodina Novi Sad 1-3 FC Vaduz
3-3 on aggregate, FC Vaduz win on away goals
UEFA Cup
2013/14, 4th round: Sevilla FC 0-2 Betis Sevilla
Betis Sevilla 0-2 Sevilla FC
2-2 on aggregate, Sevilla win 4-3 on penalties
Fairs' Cup
1969/70, final: Anderlecht 3-1 Arsenal [after 3-0 at 81']
Arsenal 3-0 Anderlecht
Arsenal won 4-3 on aggregate
UEFA Cup
1987/88, final: Español 3-0 Bayer Leverkusen
Bayer Leverkusen 3-0 Español [aet] [after 0-0 at 56']
3-3 on aggregate, Bayer Leverkusen won 3-2 on penalties
Cup Winners' Cup
1985/86, quarterf.: Dynamo Dresden 2-0 Bayer Uerdingen
Bayer Uerdingen 7-3 Dynamo Dresden [after 1-3 halftime]
Uerdingen win 7-5 on aggregate
UEFA Cup
1989/90, 1st round: Levski-Spartak (Sofia) 0-0 Antwerp
Antwerp 4-3 Levski-Spartak (Sofia) [after 1-3 at 87']
Antwerp win 4-3 on aggregate
Thanks to Jack van Rijswijck, Martin Protzen and Antonio Veloso
Prepared and maintained by Karel Stokkermans for the Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
Author: Karel Stokkermans
Last updated: 17 Apr 2014
(C) Copyright Karel Stokkermans and RSSSF 1996/2014
You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper
acknowledgement is given to the author. All rights reserved.